博士学位是高级研究学位，旨在反映与候选人担任独立研究科学家的能力一致的培训水平。这涉及成功完成反映现代免疫学知识的课程工作，并具有进行可发表质量研究的证明能力。要获得该学位的资格，每个候选人都必须成功地获得候选人资格，根据他/她的原始研究提交令人满意的论文，并在期末口试中成功地为其辩护。博士学位论文应包含大量的原始研究成果，其数量应与在经认可的参考期刊上发表的两三篇论文相适应。通常，这些手稿至少应在考试时被接受发表。<br> <br>免疫缺陷疾病的特征是对感染和/或肿瘤发展的过度敏感性。免疫缺陷会影响免疫
The Department of Immunology offers graduate programs leading to the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in a wide range of immunological disciplines. These disciplines include molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte development and selection, T-cell and B-cell receptors, cell interactions, growth factor receptors, cytokine networks, antigen processing and presentation, signal transduction in lymphocytes, V(D)J recombination, anergy, apoptosis, transgenic and knock-out models, immuno-targeting and vaccine design, autoimmunity, AIDS, diabetes, and transplantation.<br>The department provides a common forum for investigators in many areas of U of T and an interdisciplinary research experience in immunology. Members and students in the department are located at the Medical Sciences Building, at the Ontario Cancer Institute, and at the Research Institutes of Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Sunnybrook Hospital. The PhD degree is an advanced research degree intended to reflect a level of training consistent with the ability of the candidate to function as an independent research scientist. This involves successful completion of course work reflecting a knowledge of modern immunology, as well as a demonstrated ability to carry out research of publishable quality.<br>Immunodeficiency diseases are characterized by an undue susceptibility to infection and/or development of tumours. Immunodeficiency can affect one or more components of the immune system, including T-, B-, and natural killer (NK)-lymphocytes, as well as phaogocytic cells and complement proteins. Immunodeficiency can be reflecting an inherent defect in immune cells and these are usually congenital (genetically transmitted) or secondary, which is an usually acquired defect. An example of a primary immune deficiency is Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) characterized by impairment of both B and T cell function, due to mutations in the RAG-1 or RAG-2 genes, in which affected individuals rarely survive beyond 1 year of life without treatment. The best known secondary immunodeficiency is AIDS, which is due to infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and is characterized by severe depletion of CD4 T cells.