基础免疫学哲学博士-自身免疫
Doctor of Philosophy in Fundamental Immunology - Autoimmunity
  • 学历文凭

    Ph.D.

  • 专业院系

    免疫学

  • 开学时间

  • 课程时长

  • 课程学费

    汇率提示

国际学生入学条件

Applicants must have completed (or be in the final year of completing) an appropriate 4 year bachelor's degree, or its equivalent from a recognized university, with an average of at least a B+ (minimum GPA of 3.3) in their final two years.
Applicants holding a BSc degree with an average of A- in the final two years of undergraduate study are encouraged to apply for direct entry into the PhD program.
Applicants to the PhD holding an MSc degree must have an average of at least B+ in that degree.

Minimum Requirements plus: MSc in Applied Immunology (Advanced Standing Entry)
basic understanding of immunology and immunological concepts
completion of the equivalent of the University of Toronto undergraduate courses IMM450Y1 and 2 of the following: IMM428H1, IMM429H1, IMM430H1, IMM431H1, or MIJ485H1
must already have a research supervisor who is a Faculty Member in the Department of Immunology

Minimum Requirements plus: MSc in Applied Immunology (Standard Entry)
basic understanding of immunology and immunological concepts
some research experience (i.e. via summer project or lab courses)

Curriculum Vitae
Letter of Intent
Three letters of reference
Unofficial transcripts issued by your university are acceptable
GRE scores are NOT required

IELTS - Minimum required score 7.0 (Academic) with at least 6.5 for each component.
TOEFL IBT - Overall Score - 93, Writing and Speaking- 22, TOEFL Paper-based Test - Overall Score 580 TWE 5
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雅思考试总分

7.0

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  • 雅思总分:7
  • 托福网考总分:93
  • 托福笔试总分:580
  • 其他语言考试:Certificate of Proficiency in English (COPE) - Required score - 76 (with at least 22 in each component and 32 in the writing component)
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课程简介

博士学位是高级研究学位,旨在反映与候选人担任独立研究科学家的能力一致的培训水平。这涉及成功完成反映现代免疫学知识的课程工作,并具有进行可发表质量研究的证明能力。要获得该学位的资格,每个候选人都必须成功地获得候选人资格,根据他/她的原始研究提交令人满意的论文,并在期末口试中成功地为其辩护。博士学位论文应包含大量的原始研究成果,其数量应与在经认可的参考期刊上发表的两三篇论文相适应。通常,这些手稿至少应在考试时被接受发表。<br> <br>二十世纪初,诺贝尔奖获得者保罗·埃里希(Paul Ehrlich)首先提
The Department of Immunology offers graduate programs leading to the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in a wide range of immunological disciplines. These disciplines include molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte development and selection, T-cell and B-cell receptors, cell interactions, growth factor receptors, cytokine networks, antigen processing and presentation, signal transduction in lymphocytes, V(D)J recombination, anergy, apoptosis, transgenic and knock-out models, immuno-targeting and vaccine design, autoimmunity, AIDS, diabetes, and transplantation.<br>The department provides a common forum for investigators in many areas of U of T and an interdisciplinary research experience in immunology. Members and students in the department are located at the Medical Sciences Building, at the Ontario Cancer Institute, and at the Research Institutes of Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Sunnybrook Hospital. The PhD degree is an advanced research degree intended to reflect a level of training consistent with the ability of the candidate to function as an independent research scientist. This involves successful completion of course work reflecting a knowledge of modern immunology, as well as a demonstrated ability to carry out research of publishable quality.<br>At the start of the twentieth century the concept of autoimmunity was first predicted by Nobel Laureate Paul Ehrlich, and he described it as 'horror autotoxicus'. His experiments led him to conclude that the immune system is normally focused on responding to foreign materials and has an inbuilt tendency to avoid attacking self tissues. But when this process goes wrong, the immune system can attack self tissues resulting in autoimmune disease. The perplexing issue of what allows the immune system to attack self tissues is a continuing focus of research. Almost all autoimmune disease are considered complex traits, in which genetic susceptibility interacts with some trigger that sets the process in motion. Central to this concept is improved understanding of self-tolerance under physiological conditions and the breakdown of this tolerance in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases have historically been studied on the basis of the organ affected, but in recent years the focus has switched to a more cross-disciplinary approach with a view to providing a better understanding of the common mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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21

数据源:泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名

关于多伦多大学

多伦多大学(University of Toronto),始建于1827年,坐落在加拿大的第一大城市多伦多,是加拿大的一所顶尖学府,亦为加拿大传统四大校之一。安大略省政府及议会环绕在市中心的女王公园四周,现已发展成为一所“一主两翼”格局的世界知名研究性大学--坐落于市中心的圣乔治校区(St. George),历史最为悠久,与3个更小的大学联盟并有享有七大学院制,与十座教学医院有着密切关系;东西向延伸至世嘉堡与密西沙加,UTSC有着乡村般的风光,风景别致,搭乘TTC一小时路程;UTM则是在西边,有校车往返。在学术及研究方面,多伦多大学一直处于领先地位。其经费、捐款、国家教授奖项、研究出版规模和藏书量皆为加拿大之首。多伦多大学出版社在加拿大乃至全北美影响深远。实行独立书院制的学府,荣获诺贝尔奖的教授人数是加拿大最多的。维多利亚学院是其最富有的学院之一 提供更多奖学金和相关设施。多伦多大学亦为美国大学协会中仅有的两所非美国学府之一。多伦多大学每年发表的科研论文数量在北美仅次于哈佛大学,引用数量位居世界前五。主要贡献:干细胞及胰岛素的发现,电子起搏器、多点触摸技术、电子显微镜、抗荷服的发明和发展,NP完全理论,以及发现首个经核证的黑洞。

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