Postgraduate training programs for both the MS and PhD degrees are offered in the study of bacteriology, immunology, parasitology and virology. Both degrees require independent research and preparation of an original thesis and require a minimum of two and four years, respectively. Course work is selected jointly by the student and his/her major professor, with the advice of the individual's graduate advisory committee, to suit the student's background, interests and research problem. Formal course work may be selected from offerings within the Department of Comparative Pathobiology and from other departments within the University. Courses in general biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, microbial pathogenesis, bioinformatics, statistical methods, bacteriology, virology and other discipline-based courses are often selected as part of individual's plan of study. Assistance in preparation for board certification for the American College of Veterinary Preventive Medicine is available.