The Ph.D. degree program is intended to provide the student with a broad knowledge of geological, geophysical or planetary sciences and the necessary research and analytical skills to pursue successful careers in academia, research, and industry. By providing the necessary research tools, it is the intent of the program to facilitate the student's transition from that of student to that of a scientist capable of developing high quality, independent research and investigatory skills required to make original discoveries and contributions to the Earth and planetary sciences.