Master by Research in Gregarine Apicomplexan Parasites in Freshwater Invertebrates
爱丁堡龙比亚大学
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学历文凭
Masters Degree (Research)
国际学生入学条件
A first degree (at least a 2.1) ideally in a relevant field such as parasitology, freshwater biology, microbiology, environmental biology or ecology with a good fundamental knowledge of parasitology and laboratory skills including dissections and molecular biology.
IELTS (Academic) - 6.5 overall with no component less than 6.0
TOEFL Internet Based Test - 88 overall with a minimum of 19 in listening, 20 in reading, 22 in speaking and 19 in writing
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雅思考试总分
6.5
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- 雅思总分:6.5
- 托福网考总分:88
- 托福笔试总分:160
- 其他语言考试:Pearson's Test of Academic English - 60 overall with a minimum of 55 in each component
课程简介
Gregarine apicomplexans are micro-eukaryotic parasites that are found in almost every group of terrestrial, freshwater and marine invertebrates (Leander 2008, Desportes & Schrevel 2013). Around 1700 gregarine species have been reported from less than one percent of today's described invertebrate species, leaving a potential gregarine fauna of 99% of the known invertebrates of the world to be discovered. Gregarines have recently received increased attention due to their recognised importance in the understanding of evolution of parasitism in the Apicomplexa (Janouškovec et al. 2019, Mathur et al. 2019). While they infest invertebrates only, they are closely related to notorious causative agents of e.g. Malaria (Plasmodium), Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma) and Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium), which infect humans and livestock. Given their lifestyle and parasite-host relationship (Rueckert et al. 2019), gregarines represent an intermediate step in the transition from photoautotrophs (as represented e.g. by 'chrompodellids' in the marine environment) to the most important eukaryotic pathogens of humans and domestic animals. Gregarine research efforts in the past 15 years have focused on generating phylogentic data beside the morphological description of new species (e.g. Rueckert et al. 2011, Wakeman et al. 2014, Rueckert & Horák 2018), and the first transcriptomic and genomic data have recently been made available (Janouškovec et al. 2019, Mathur et al. 2019) to better understand the evolutionary role of gregarines. One group of gregarines that remains completely underrepresented in any phylogenetic studies is species from freshwater invertebrate hosts. While there are numerous small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences available for terrestrial and marine gregarines, only a handful of sequences are known from species utilising freshwater hosts.
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关于爱丁堡龙比亚大学
龙比亚大学是以16世纪著名的数学家、对数创立者约翰·龙比亚的名字命名的,它诞生于1964年,于1992年获得大学的资格。在短短30年间,它就从一所一流的理工专科学校发展成为苏格兰地区一所重点大学,它在英国新兴大学中也名列前茅。目前爱丁堡龙比亚大学有18000名来自100个国家的学生,下设6个学院。龙比亚大学在商业、工程、新闻与出版、摄影与电影、生物和保健科学、计算机和信息技术方面具有特别雄厚的实力。最热门的专业为商业、大众传播、创作艺术、护理和助产学。新近设立的体育科学和动物生物学专业打破了学科之间的传统界限。龙比亚大学有多个校园。三个主校园位于爱丁堡地区,它们分别为:莫奇斯顿(Merchiston)、克雷格洛克哈特(Craiglockhart)和塞特希尔(Sighthill)。2009年经Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA)统计,龙比亚大学就业率在苏格兰地区排名第一。
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学历文凭
Masters Degree (Taught)