The program leading to the Ph.D. degree is designed to develop the student's ability to pursue independent and original research in microbiology and allied fields, communicate the results of such research to the scientific community and serve as an effective teacher. Students normally enter the doctoral program after receiving a master's degree. Four years are required to complete the program. The Ph.D. program in the School of Life Sciences at the University of Hawaii is designed to give students the academic and technical skills to become independent scientists and researchers. We strive to provide each graduate student with broad knowledge in microbiology and in-depth knowledge in their area of specialization. Students are trained in both traditional and state-of-the-art technologies to be applied to the design and conduct of original research projects. Additionally, students have access to both basic and advanced coursework to further their academic and research goals.<br><br>Student Learning Outcomes<br>Design microbiological or immunological experiments at an advanced graduate level.<br>Demonstrate proficiency with a variety of classical and modern microbiology techniques.<br>Read, understand and evaluate current literature in their discipline. Produce significant scientific research results.<br>Research results and interpretations of those results should be clearly presented both orally and in peer reviewed publications.<br>Develop awareness and perspective as a member of a local, national and global scientific community.<br>Compete successfully for productive employment or postdoctoral training in industry or academic institutions.<br>General Information and Procedures for the Ph.D. Degree