Within the last decade there has been an influx of school and non-school programs that seek to meet the diverse needs of youth. Shifting social conditions, such as economic hardship, the growing gap between rich and poor, disparate funding of public schools, and the growing elitism and privatization of non-school sport programs make it unlikely that the majority nation's youth will receive quality physical activity opportunities. Clearly, both school and non-school physical activity programs are required to address the needs of all youth effectively. Likewise, non-school programs, such as those offered through Boys and Girls Clubs, YWCA's, YMCA's, and municipal recreation departments require well-prepared physical activity professionals to provide leadership, innovation and dedication in enhancing the lives of all youth. The need for qualified and dedicated individuals to work in and lead these programs has increased dramatically.