入门级药剂师应完全参与基于团队的患者管理，包括做出独立的临床判断。药剂师必须精通科学文献中的信息检索，复杂的药代动力学模型的使用以确定合适的剂量，制定个性化的药物治疗计划，与患者和卫生专业人员进行沟通，考虑患者的药物干预文档向管理的医疗保健组织和其他付款方开具的知识，信念和行为，替代药物干预措施的药物经济学分析以及服务合理性的证明。发展并证明其在药物，社会/行为/行政，健康和医疗方面的知识深度和广度临床科学：阐明基础科学的知识如何整合到临床推理，评估医学和药学的未来进展，支持健康和保健计划以及提供当代药学
LIU Pharmacy The Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences offers a six-year Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree program to prepare students for entry-level pharmacy practice. The Doctor of Pharmacy is classified as a doctor's degree-professional practice by the U.S. Department of Education. The program consists of two years of preprofessional studies (offered through LIU Brooklyn's Richard L. Conolly College of Liberal Arts and Sciences) and four years of professional studies.<br><br>Dramatic changes taking place in the health-care system are creating many new and exciting roles for pharmacists. The pharmacist is now not only responsible for the safe and effective distribution of prescription and nonprescription medication, but is also assuming the role of pharmaceutical therapy advisor and manager, having increasingly more patient-care responsibilities.<br><br>The entry-level pharmacist is expected to participate fully in the team-based management of the patient, including the rendering of independent clinical judgments. The pharmacist must be proficient in the search for and retrieval of information from the scientific literature, utilization of complex pharmacokinetic models to determine appropriate doses, development of individualized pharmaceutical care plans, communication with patients and health professionals, documentation of pharmaceutical interventions taking into account patients' knowledge, beliefs, and behavior, pharmacoeconomic analysis of alternative pharmaceutical interventions, and justification of services billed to managed health-care organizations and other payers.