The primary emphasis of the Bachelor of Music degree is on development of the skills, concepts and sensitivities essential to the life of the professional musician. At the center of the instructional program for this degree are courses in performance (such as applied lessons, masterclasses, and ensembles), musicianship skills and analysis (music theory, aural skills, keyboard skills, and conducting), and history and repertoire. The Bachelor of Music with a music education/vocal-choral concentration incorporates requirements necessary to qualify for the commonwealth of Virginia's Collegiate Professional Certificate to teach music in public schools. Reciprocity between Virginia and numerous other states makes it possible for those music education students who become certified to teach in Virginia to obtain certification in those other states. A prospective student intending to pursue the instrumental concentration endorsement must complete the degree with a primary instrument of wind band or orchestra tradition, for those seeking the vocal-choral concentration endorsement, this instrument must be voice. For a student who wishes to elect the guitar or piano as a primary instrument, please contact the music department for details.