Academic: We normally expect applicants to have at least a first- or second-class honours degree from a UK institution, or a qualification of an equivalent level. We may consider applicants who don't meet these academic requirements if they have extensive relevant experience.

English language: You will also need excellent English written and oral communication skills to undertake a research degree. We may ask you to provide evidence of your ability to read, speak, write and listen in English. Your English ability can be demonstrated in a number of ways, but as a guideline, an IELTS score must be at least 6.5.

References: All applicants must include two references. These should normally be academic references, although applicants who have been out of education for more than three years may submit one academic and one professional reference.

TOEFL Internet Based Test - 88 overall with a minimum of 19 in listening, 20 in read-ing, 22 in speaking and 19 in writing