Earth systems geography is the holistic study of Earth’s major natural systems. Earth systems geographers study how the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere interact to produce unique ecosystems and physical landscapes across Earth’s surface. Notable topics of interest among physical geographers include, but are not limited to, climate change, soil development, landscape dynamics of streams and glaciers, and vegetation change over time and space.<br><br>Geography is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand humans’ relationships with the built, biophysical, and social environment. It is a rich and vibrant discipline that is essential to understanding the world and many of its problems. Geographers emphasize spatial processes in studying a wide array of vital issues, including climate change, urbanization, social movements, globalization, environmental justice, geopolitics, environmental hazards, and human migration, among others.