All three doctoral programs in psychology require courses specific to their own specialty, along with more general psychology courses that are department-wide requirements for graduate students, such as research methods, statistics, and some of the psychological bases of behavior (e.g., biological, cognitive, developmental, social, and historical bases of behavior). Courses in ethical and professional issues, multicultural issues and underserved populations, and supervision and consulting for the provision of psychological services are also required in clinical and counseling psychology.<br>All doctoral students are required to complete a second-year research project or its equivalent (e.g., an empirical master's thesis), doctoral qualifying exams specific to each doctoral program in the department, and a dissertation. Students in the clinical and counseling psychology programs also complete numerous practicum courses and an approved one-year predoctoral internship. Interdisciplinary study with other relevant and cooperating departments/colleges on campus is also available. For example, some psychology doctoral students take elective human sciences courses such as child and adolescent development.