分子和细胞神经科学家研究基因，分子信号和细胞形态的影响，以获取有关神经系统以及人脑发育和功能的关键信息。神经科学这个迅速发展的子领域的从业者探索许多病理状况的根本原因，并根据他们对神经元回路的了解来开发应用程序。他们将神经元可视化，分析对神经元功能的遗传贡献，并进行有关基因表达的实验。技术包括电生理学，神经元阵列中的钙和电压成像以及质谱法。
Molecular and cellular neuroscientists investigate the influence of genes, molecular signals, and cellular morphology in the effort to gain crucial information about the nervous system and the development and function of the human brain. Practitioners of this rapidly growing sub-field of neuroscience explore the root causes of many pathological conditions, developing applications based on what they learn about neuronal circuits. They visualize neurons, analyze the genetic contributions to neuronal function, and conduct experiments regarding gene expression. Techniques include electrophysiology, calcium and voltage imaging in neuronal arrays, and mass spectrometry among others.