All doctoral candidates conduct independent research leading to a dissertation, with the objective of making a major contribution to the body of scientific knowledge in Horticulture. Portions of the dissertation research are normally published in peer-reviewed journals. Students in this degree option are expected to have completed a research-based master's degree or to have equivalent research experience prior to enrolling in the doctoral program. Requirements for each degree are set by the Graduate School, the Department, and the student's Graduate Advisory Committee. The graduate student's Graduate Advisory Committee will be responsible for setting, assessing, and maintaining standards for each student's specialization. This will allow each student's program to be individualized for that student's particular needs and interests. Requirements for the area of specialization may be in whatever form the student's committee members feel is most appropriate and will include courses and independent research. The department also expects graduate students in Horticulture to acquire a broader understanding of Horticulture, as set forth below.