There is growing international impetus to dismantle educational exclusion and to develop equitable and inclusive education systems. On this course, we consider the rights of all children to be included in schools and society, by examining barriers to inclusion in terms of environment and within child factors. This includes exploration of the specific needs of children with labels of learning difficulties, intellectual impairment, physical and sensory disabilities, communication impairments, literacy difficulties/dyslexia, autism and SEBD/ADHD to illustrate the challenges encountered in professional practice. Critical exploration of current theory and research inform consideration of pedagogical approaches as well as the development of effective systems and structures for supporting students in collaboration with teachers, parents/carers and different agencies.