The programs in Higher Education advance the knowledge and skills essential for effective programmatic leadership in a variety of professional areas in today's colleges and universities. All programs emphasize the integration of oral and written communication skills, critical thinking skills, a cognitive understanding of colleges and universities as complex organizations, the social context within which they function, the individual identity development of the students they serve, and the effective use of technology in curriculum and communication. The College of Education and Human Development provides an option for a Certificate of Advanced Study providing a cohesive program of professional development beyond the master's level for educational specialists. The program of study is individually planned by the student and his or her advisor. A minimum of 30 semester hours of work beyond the master's level is required to earn the C.A.S. Candidates must complete a minimum of 12 semester hours in professional education coursework at the 500- and /or 600-level at the University of Maine. A master's degree in the C.A.S. subject matter is required for admission to the program.