Chemistry Education Research investigates research questions around the teaching and learning of chemistry. These questions are examined through a variety of qualitative and quantitative methods. Researchers in chemistry education explore a broad range of areas, including students' understanding of chemistry concepts and the barriers (cognitive and affective) that impeded their mastery of chemistry content. Chemistry education research also includes the development of instruments that measure cognitive and affective constructs that affect students learning in chemistry. Of additional importance is how the findings of chemistry education research can lead to the transformation of chemistry education environments, curricula and pedagogy. Our research is grounded in a deep knowledge of the discipline and methods adapted from science education, educational psychology and cognitive science.