Chemistry is a diverse discipline, involving substances in every aspect of life what we see, eat, smell, touch, and taste every day. With an equal emphasis on theory and practical work, Waterloo's Chemistry undergraduate and graduate programs prepare you for a growing number of dynamic career options. You could be searching for the roots of crippling diseases, developing cancer-fighting drugs, or assessing environmental damage. Research in chemistry encompasses a broad range of topics relevant to life and environmental sciences, to the development of new materials and nanotechnology, but also to improving our fundamental understanding of the world surrounding us. The M.Sc. and Ph.D. programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry at Waterloo offer exposure to world-class research on many subjects including the core areas of analytical, biochemistry, inorganic, materials, nanotechnology, organic, physical, polymer and theoretical chemistry. Our programs prepare our graduate students for fascinating careers in the industry, government and academia. Students must successfully complete at least three graduate level courses plus the M.Sc. seminar course, and submit and defend an acceptable thesis. Half of the graduate courses must be taken within the Department of Chemistry.<br><br>Carbon nanotube based transdermal drug delivery systems. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography development and applications. Development and applications of Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) technology for in vitro and in vivo analysis. Clinical and pharmaceutical applications of SPME. Nonlethal in-vivo SPME monitoring of biologically significant compounds and environmental contaminants in live tissues. Advances in multidimensional chromatography. Advanced separations techniques in the analysis of environmental pollutants. Passive air sampling in environmental analysis. DNA-aptamer based biosensors for detection in biological fluids. Electroanalytical chemistry, bioanalytical chemistry and in vitro toxicology assays. Micro- and nano-samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) atomic emission and ICP-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Green chromatography. Battery-operated micro-plasmas on-chips. Direct coupling of SPME to Mass Spectrometry (MS) for rapid complex sample determinations. Development of new formats of extraction phases and devices. Investigation of fundamental process in extraction