This area employs advanced numerical and experimental characterisation techniques to investigate lightweight materials and structures with the aim of improving both the energy efficiency and safety of ground and air vehicles. Previous projects include the processing and properties of highly oriented thermoplastics such as silane-crosslinked polyethylene and wood fibre polypropylene composites, designed to reduce both weight and cost. Other projects include the design and analysis of carbon-fibre reinforced honeycomb sandwich panels and the optimisation of stacking sequence for aircraft composite structures.<br><br>Another major area of interest is the investigation of brakes and drivetrain components that are lightweight, energy efficient and designed to minimise the environmental impact of vehicles in terms of noise, vibration and damage to the carriageway. Lightweight brake rotors are a topic of on-going investigation since they can significantly reduce the upsprung mass of the vehicle. In this context, aluminium metal matrix composites, carbon fibre ceramic composites and coated rotors have all been considered both experimentally and analytically at Leeds. Current projects are investigating carbon-carbon composite clutches and light alloy brake rotors with a temperature resistant rubbing surface. Analysis of brake squeal and judder is another area of expertise, especially modelling techniques to take account of thermal deformations on the properties of a disc brake to squeal which is a considerable environmental nuisance.