Ever since the Wright Brothers (1903) managed to keep their flyer aloft, despite severe control challenges, it has been apparent that flying machines could not be designed without explicit consideration of human operators. Even recent unmanned areal vehicles (UAVs) require operators on the ground to program, remotely control, and monitor airborne operations from a distance. The study of human factors in aerospace covers the efficiency, safety, and comfort of pilots, passengers, and controllers. More recently, the safety, comfort, and effectiveness of astronauts have also been shown to be significantly impacted by factors such as equipment (space suits, tools), operating environment as well as established operating procedures. A thorough understanding of the interplay of these human factors is essential to ensure future mission success in the air and in space.<br><br>The overall educational goal of the MIT graduate program in Humans in Aerospace is to provide students with an understanding of the functioning of human psychology and physiology and the interactions with aerospace systems and environments. Students should develop a thorough understanding of the integration of humans in aerospace systems. This integration encompasses human-machine interactions and the nature of human error.