The Ph.D. degree is intended primarily for students who desire a career in research, advanced development, or teaching, for this type of work, a broad background in mathematics and the engineering sciences, together with intensive study and research experience in a specialized area, are the necessary requisites. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) is conferred on candidates who have demonstrated to the satisfaction of their department or school- substantial scholarship, high attainment in a particular field of knowledge, and the ability to do independent investigation and present the results of such research.