The Ph.D. degree represents the highest level of academic preparation. With it, a student can expect to maintain technical competence and contributions throughout a professional career. It is usually the preferred degree for research and development in industry and government and for teaching. Doctoral studies emphasize independent research under the guidance of a research advisor in a field related to Chemical and Biological Engineering, culminating in the writing of a thesis document and its defense in a presentation to the department and the thesis committee. Financial support typically comes from fellowships, research assistantships, teaching assistantships, or a combination.<br><br>This effort using process data analytics and big data machine and deep learning (AI) techniques currently involves two major application areas: biomedical systems and smart manufacturing for sustainability. Automated insulin delivery systems are being developed to improve the regulation of blood glucose in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Advanced data analytics are being developed to reduce energy consumption in air separation units (ASU), steel manufacturing and other large-scale processes.