根据联合国目前的人口估计，未来几十年世界人口预计将超过90亿。几乎所有的增长都将来自新兴经济体，在这些新兴经济体中，缺乏现代基础设施会导致各种健康问题–难以获得水或水质差，空气污染，收集和处理废物和垃圾的系统不足。城市为适应不断增长的人口提供了机会-人均能源消耗降低，工作和社会资源集中，提供支持我们文明的各种服务的效率提高。城市也存在自身的问题，约占地球所有能源使用和碳排放量的四分之三，给环境造成了沉重负担。<br> <br>博士学位。土木与环境工程学院的课程是为具有良好学术背景和独立研究能力的学生提供的
The world's population is projected to exceed 9 billion people in the coming decades, according to current population estimates from the United Nations. Almost all of that growth will come in emerging economies, where the lack of modern infrastructure leads to a variety of health concerns poor access to water or poor water quality, air pollution, inadequate systems for the collection or treatment of wastes and trash. Cities offer opportunities for accommodating this growing population lower per-capita energy consumption, concentrated jobs and social resources, efficiencies in delivering all manner of services that support our civilization. Cities also present their own problems, accounting for roughly three-quarters of all energy use and carbon emissions on the planet and placing a significant burden on the environment. The Ph.D. program in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering is offered to students with an excellent academic background and a capacity for independent research. Doctoral candidates tailor a highly individualized Program of Study (typically 50 credit hours of courses beyond the bachelor's degree) to develop expertise in their major specialization area. As part of the Program of Study, candidates must complete a Minor Field of Study.