PhD applicants must hold an LLM or equivalent degree from the University of Alberta or an institution recognized by the University of Alberta. On an exceptional basis, students enrolled within the faculty's LLM program can seek permission from their supervisor and the Faculty Graduate Studies Committee to enrol in the PhD degree program.The minimum grade point average for the graduate program is a 3.0 on the University of Alberta's 4-point scale. However, the competitive GPA for the PhD program usually satisfies or exceeds 3.7 on the international grade equivalent.TOEFL: minimum 100, 25 minimum on each skill area (internet) or 600 (paper-based). IELTS: minimum overall 7.0, a minimum of 6.0 on each band.